Farmyard Manure

Manure ( pile ) is defined as all waste products of pets that can be used to add nutrients, improve physical properties , and soil biology . If in raising livestock is given the pedestal like chaff in the chicken, straw in cattle, buffaloes and horses , then the base will be mixed into a single entity and referred to as the pile anyway. Some farmers in some regions separating the solid and liquid pile .

• Solid manure

Manure ( pile ) is solid in the form of manure solids are either composted or not composted as a source of nutrients , especially N for plants and can improve the properties of chemical , biological , and physical soil .

•  Liquid manure

Manure (pile) pile of liquid is a liquid derived from the fresh manure is mixed with animal urine or feces of animals that are dissolved in water in a certain ratio . Urine of animals generally quite a lot and that has been used by farmers is urine cows, buffaloes , horses , pigs , and goats .

Liquid manure made ​​from fresh manure, dung can of goats, shee , cows, and chickens.

• Chicken manure

Including extensive use of chicken pile . Generally currently used by vegetable farmers by organizing from outside the region , have a broiler manure nutrient content is relatively higher P than the other pile . Nutrient content is highly influenced by the type of concentrate given . In addition, also in the chicken manure mixed with scraps of chicken and rice husk as the base enclosure that may contribute additional nutrients to the pile on the vegetables . Some research applications pile of chicken always responded the best plants in the first season . This happens because the chicken pile decomposes relatively quickly and have sufficient nutrient levels , when compared with the number of units equal to the other pile ( Widowati et al . , 2005) . Utilization of this chicken pile for organic agriculture have problem because chicken pile contains several hormones that can accelerate the growth of chickens .

• Cow manure

Among the types of pile , pile sapilah that have high fiber content such as cellulose , it is evident from the results of measurements of the parameters C / N ratio is quite high > 40 . High levels of C in cow pile directly to inhibit the use of agricultural land due to

suppress the growth of the main crop . Growth suppression occurs due to microbial decomposers will use the N available to decompose organic material so that the main crop shortages N. To maximize the use of cow pile composting must be done in order to be a cow compost pile with the ratio of C / N

under 20 . In addition to the C / N ratio , the use of cow pile is also directly related to the high water content . Farmers as a fertilizer commonly called cold . When the pile with a high moisture content applied directly will require more energy and release ammonia process is still ongoing .

• Goat manure

Texture of goat manure is typical , because the form of granules rather difficult physically broken so greatly affect the decomposition process and the process of providing haranya . Value of the ratio C / N pile goats generally still above 30 . Manure must have a good ratio of C / N < 20 , so that the pile would be better use of goats when composted first. If it will be used directly , this pile will provide better benefits in the second cropping season . Water levels are relatively lower goats pile of cow pile and slightly higher than the pile of chicken .

Nutrient content of goat pile contains potassium which is relatively higher than the other pile . While the levels of N and P is almost the same as the other pile .

• Pig manure

Utilization of pig pile in Indonesia only in a few specific locations adjacent to the pig farm . Manure ( pile ) pigs have soft texture and will increase the liquid when mixed with urine . Pig farmers have learned how to separate the urine with the solids , then menumpukkannya somewhere to decomposed first. Farmers around pig farms using this pile by pile mixed with chicken or goat , because of the experience of pig farmers if the pile is applied separately unfavorable growth of vegetable crops.

• Horse manure

Number horse population is lower than other livestock , so the amount of horse manure also include less volume. Manure ( pile ) many horses used by farmers around the farm

• urine livestock

Cattle urine can be found in large quantities in addition to feces from cattle . Urine produced by the kidneys that is the remainder of an overhaul nitrogen and residues from the body of urea , uric acid and creatinine result of protein metabolism . Urine is also derived from sulfur and phosphate senyawasenyawa reshuffle in the body. Urine analysis results obtained organic matter content and high N Urine cattle urine containing N ± 10 g l - 1 , mostly in the form of urea . Urine also contains a number of mineral elements ( S , P , K , Cl , and Na ) in varying amounts depending on the type and forage , physiology and climate conditions . The nutrients needed by the microbes and plant growth . Urine consists of 90-95 % water . Urea in the urine is the main solid materials that are generally > 70 % nitrogen in the urine ( Anonymous , 1993) . Today the urine of cattle used as organic fertilizer for crops along with livestock manure or other substances such as tobacco , neem , teprosia and pesticide ingredients other vegetable . Giving way to organic cultivation systems usually drained or sprayed on crops .